കോട്ടയ്ക്കലിന്‍റെ കലാലോകം

IemtemIs¯ tIm«-bv¡Â

tUm. kt´mjv hÅn¡mSv

 

kmlnXyw, \S\Ie, imkv{Xw, Nn{XIe, s]mXphnIvÚm\w XpS§nb taJeIfn \thm°m\w Fdm\mSnsâ a®n F¯p¶Xnë tIm«í hln¨ ]¦v \nkvXpeamé. Zmêinå§ÄsIm­pw NpaÀNn{X§Ä sIm­pw k¼¶amé sh¦n«t¯hÀ inht£{Xw. ap¸¯t©mfw hê¶ Zmêinå§fn IncmXmÀÖp\ob cwK§fpw ]mÀÆXo]ctaizc·mêw {io{IyjvWeoeIfpw Bé {]tabw.

sXfnabmÀ¶Xpw PohÊpäXpamb NpaÀNn{X§Ä¡v {]tabambn«pÅXv [ym\tÇmI§fmé.

“aqteIå{Zpaky {ZpXIaàn`w

Nmê ]ßmk\Øw

amam¦mcqU Kuco\n_nUæN`cmþ

t`mKKmtVm]cqVw

kÀÆe¦mcIm´w hc]cip{ayKmþ

`oXn _mlpw {Xnt\{Xw

htµ_mteµp auenw KplPhZ\w

`may]mÈnãm]mÀizw”

iàn ]©m£co [ym\tÇmI¯n ssIemk¯nse Iå{hy£¨ph«n æSpw_ktaXw Ccnç¶ ]cainhëw ]mÀÆXnbpw XpS§n sshæÞhmknbmb almhnjvéhnsâbpw ]cnhmc§fpsSbpw BteJ\t¯msS Ahkm\nçì. ]gb Ombmk{¼Zmb¯n FgpXn XoÀ¯ Cu Nn{X§Ä tIm«í tImhneIs¯ assIcywXnê\mÄ GdmÄ]mSnsâ t\XyvXz¯n ]q´m\s¯ {IyjvW]njmcSnbpsSbpw injy³ Ff§ac¯n i¦c³ \mbêw AbmfpsS injy³ BÀt§mSv `cX]njmcSnbpw tNÀ¶v sImÃhÀjw 1041 XpS§n 1053 Nn{XcN\ ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbXmsW¶v Nn{X¯n³ NphsS ]gb aebmf¯n BteJ\w sNbvXncnçì. Hêhymgh«¡mew th­nhì CXnë. hc¨IemImc·mêsS t]êw Imehpw tcJs¸Sp¯nb NphÀNn{X§Ä F¶ \nebnepw Ch {it±b§fmé.

hyXykvXamb c­p ssienbnemé Cu NphÀ Nn{X§fpsS cN\. hÀ®§fn ebnç¶ hcIsfmSp IqSnbhbpw hcIfn ebnç¶ hÀ®§tfmSpIqSnbhbpaé Cu ssienIÄ. CXn BZys¯ ssienbnse Nn{X§Ä tIm«í Nn{X§fn anIhpäXmæì. Nn{X§fn ISpw Nph¸p\nc¯n\mé IqSpX {]m[m\yw \ÂInbncnç¶Xv. ]¨bpw \oebpw D]tbmKn¨XmbpwImWmw.

{iotImhnensâ Ingç`mK¯mbn iàn]©m£co Nn{Xamé. ]cainhsâ aSnbn D]hnãbmb ]mÀÆXnbpw heXphi¯v ap³]n aqjnIhml\\mb KW]Xnbpw CSXp`mK¯v abn hml\\mb kp{_aWyëw sh©macw hoins¡m­v tXmgnIfpw ap\namêw \µnbpw AS§p¶ Iå{hyn£tNm«n hn{ianç¶ im´`mh¯nepÅ inhæSpw_amé im´n]©m£co Nn{Xw. \hck§fnse im´sa¶ AeuInI `mhamé Cu Nn{X¯në.

IncmXamé asämê Nn{Xw. ]qPsN¿p¶ AÀPp\t\bpw IncmX thjw ]q­ inht\bpw ]mÀÆXotZhntbbpw ]mcnhmc§tfbpw Im«p{ayvK§tfbpw hyàambpw PohÊpäpw hc¨ncnçì. Z£nWmaqÀ¯n ]cainhsâ {]tZmj {\yv¯w `KhXnbpsS Nn{Xw XpS§nbh hntijs¸«hbmé. 16 ssIIfpÅ `KhXnbpsS HtcmssI¿pw hyàambn ImWmw.iqehpw hmfpw I¯nbpw iwJpw æÞehps½Ãmw sXfnatbmsS ImWmw. Nn{XcN\bnse NmXpcyw tim`\amb Nn{X§fnsem¶mWnXv.

almhnjvéhnsâ ZimhXmc§fn aq¶mas¯ AhXmcamb hcmlaqÀ¯nsb Ia\obam¡nb Nn{Xap­nhnsS. `qtZhnsb tXmfnteän \nevæ¶ hcmlaqÀ¯nbpsS 8 ssIIfpw hyàambn¡mWmw. apJ¯në \ÂInb \oe \ndhpw BSIfvç \ÂInb kzÀ®\ndhpw ISpw Nph¸p hÀ®§Ä¡nSbn Gsd `wKntbmsS \nevçì. \cknwlaqÀ¯n D½d]Snbnenê¶v lncWyIin¸phns\ aSnbn InS¯n hbÀ]nfÀ¶ncnç¶ Nn{Xamé AXnibNmêX DWÀ¯p¶ asäm¶v. AizmcqV `KhXn {io]mÀÆXn¡v Npänepw ap¯pçSbpw sh©machpambn tXmgnamêapÅ Nn{Xhpw hÀt®mÖzeamé.

thétKm]mew IyvjvWëw tKm]nIamêw Hêan¨pÃknç¶ Nn{Xamé. A\´mk³, ]£nZpÀ¤, cmPtKm]mew, aZ\tKm]mew XpS§nb Nn{X§fpw hninãamé. lëam³ ]mcmbWw sN¿p¶ cmambWw tI«v kt´mjn¨ncnç¶ cmaëw koXmtZhnbpw `cX i{XpLv\·mêw Nn{XanIhnëZmlcWamé. almhnjvé e£vao ktaX\mbncnç¶ Nn{Xw, {iocma³ bp²k¶±\mbn hoccma\mbn \nevæ¶ Nn{Xw, {]`sb¶ ]Xv\ntbmSpw kmXyI³ F¶ aIt\mSpw IqSnb imkvXmhnsâ Nn{Xw XpS§nbhmbpw hntijs¸«hbmé. CXpIqSmsX {iotImhnenë apIfn [\z´cn, {Xn]pckpµcn, i¦c\mcmbW³, ImÀ¯hocymÀÖp\³, sshjvWhn, ]pêtjm¯a³, hnjvéamb, AÀ²\mcoizc³ F¶nhtcbpw ImWmw. CXn ]pêtjm¯aëw hnjvéambbpw FSp¯p]dtb­Xmé.

sImÃhÀjw 1041 emé Cu NphÀNn{X§fpsS cN\XpS§nbXv. Hê hymgh«¡mes¯ {]bXv\¯nsâ ^eambn 1053emé cN\ ]qÀ¯nbæ¶Xv. assIcyw Xnê\mÄ GdmÄ]mSnsâ Ime¯mé Cu Nn{X§Ä hc¨Xv. ]q´m\s¯ {IyvjvW]njmcSnbpsS injy³ Ff§aT¯nse i¦c³ \mbêw BÀt§ms« `cX]njmÀSnbpamé hc¨hÀ. (sXt¡ae_mdnse Nn{XIem ]mc¼cyw Cu ImeL«¯n ChêsS ssIbnembnê¶ncn¡Ww. temI\mÀ¡mhv, IogqÀ, tNµawKew XpS§nb t£{X§fnseÃmw ChêsS Nn{X§Ä ImWmw.) tIcfm ]pcmhkvXp hæ¸p NpaÀNn{X kwc£W¯n\mbn Ct¸mÄ t£{Xw GsäSpçIbpw \nd½§nb Nn{X§Ä¡v KpêhmbqÀ NpaÀ Nn{X tI{µ¯nsâ klmbt¯msS hÀ®§Ä \ÂIn kwc£nçIbpw sN¿pì.

1909  ]n. Fkv hmcn-bÀ ]c-a-inh hnemkw \mS-I-¡-¼\n XpS-§n. 1939þ apX \mS-I-¡-¼n\n \nÀ¯p-Ibpw \mSy-kw-L-am¡n amäp-Ibpw sNbvXp.hfsc \njv{]`ambn¡nS¶nê¶ aebmf\mSIthZnsb DbÀ¯m³ \S¯nb kwLSnX {ia¯nsâ `mKambé ]n Fkv. hcnbÀ ]cainh hnemkw \mSI I¼\n F¶ ]n Fkv. hn. Øm]nç¶Xv. Xangv \mSI§fpsS AXn{]kc¯n \nì tamNn¸nNv aebmf¯në Hê Øncw \mSIthZn F¶ k¦e]hpambn 1909 emé ]cainhhnemkw \mSI I¼\n Bcw`nç¶Xv. 30 hÀjw tIcf¯nsâ Ac§n \ndªp \n¶ Cu Øm]\w ]n Fkv. hmcnbÀ F¶ \mSIIyv¯ns\m¸w sI.sI AcqÀ F¶ aebmf kn\nabnse BZy \mbIs\bpw kw`mh\ \ÂIn.CXnt¸mÄ \mSykwLambn IYIfnsb ]cnt]mjn¸nçì.

A¶s¯ Ime¯v FItZiw Hêe£w cq] apXÂapS¡nbmé CXv Øm]n¡s]«Xp. tImgns¡m«pw ]me¡«pw Øncw lmfpI \nÀ½n¨p. htcWy hÀ¤IeIfnepw \mS³ IeIfnepw A`ncan¨nê¶ P\hn`mK¯ns\ s]mXp[mcbnteçw BkzmZ\¯nteçw sIm­phì F¶XmWnXnsâ Imem{]kàn. 1908  aebmf \mSItbmKsa¶ {]Øm\¯n sjbÀ 15 cq] D­mbnê¶ ]n.Fkv.hmcnbÀ B {]Øm\w kwc£n¡³ th­nçSnbmé CXmcw`n¨Xv. CXn s]Àjy³ Xangv kzm[o\w {]ISambnêì. Xncqcmé BZyambn \mSIw AhXcn¸n¨Xv. ]n¶oSv tIcf¯n At§mfant§mfw Øncw thZnIÄ \nÀ½n¨v HìapX H¶camk¡mew \mSIw AhXcn¸n¨p t]mì. \mSI IemIc·mêsS kmlmbw tPmen BtcmKyw XpS§nbhsbms¡ At±lw {]tXyIw {i±n¨nêì.ap¸s¯mt¶mfw \mSI§Ä D­mbn CXn imæ´fw aebmfhpw {]ËmZNcnXhpw {]kn±oIcn¨p. \mSIcN\, Km\cN\, kwKoXw XpS§nbh FÃmw At±lamé \nÀhln¨Xv.Xangv am¸nf ]mgvkn kwKoX [mc D]tbmKn¨p. \mSImhXcW¯n cwK kÖoIcW¯n B[p\nIX ssIhê¯n Cs^IväpIÄ D­m¡n.]pcmW\mSI§fmé A[nIhpw AhXcn¸n¨sX¦nepw kmaqlnI {]kv\§tfmSpÅ {]XnIcW§Ä lmkyßIambn Nn{XoIcn¨nêì. sskc{µnsb I¿nÂIn«m³ Iymjv ssIbn sImSp¡Ww XpS§nb kw`mjW§Ä DZmlcWamé.PohnX KÔnbmbncn¡Ww \mSIsa¶v \njvIÀjn¨ At±l¯n Poh kmlnXy {]Øm\¯nsâ DZbw ImWmw.

1939  Øm]nXamb ]n.Fkv.hn \mSykwLw IYIfn¡v \ÂInb kw`mh\ \nkvXpeamé. kÀh{io. ]«n¡mwsXmSn cmhp®n tat\m³, hmtg¦S æ©p\mbÀ, aq¯a\ sh¦nS{IyvjvW `mKhXÀ, \oeIWvT³ \¼oi³, at©cn kè®n \mbÀ, 櫳 amcmÀ, tIm«í inhcma³ A§s\ \o­p t]mæ¶ {]ikvXcmbhyvànIÄ Cu Øm]\w kw`mh\ \ÂInbhcmé.

Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-­nsâ BZy-Z-i-I-§Ä tIm«-bv¡-ensâ Ncn-{X-¯nse kphÀ® \mfp-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p. 1902 þ  {_n«ojv A[n-\n-th-i-¯ns\ {]-Xn-tcm-[n¨p sIm­pw B[p-\nI sshZy-im-kv{X-¯nsâ km[y-X-Isf ]c--am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m­pw ]n. Fkv. hmcn-bÀ Bcy-ssh-Zy-ime Øm]n-¨p. tIcf Ncn-{X¯nse kmaq-lnI amä-§Ä¡pw kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb DWÀÆn\pw DX-Ip¶ Hcp ]mSv {]hÀ¯-\-§-fmWv ]n. Fkv. hmcn-bÀ \S-¯n-b-Xv. 1909-þ1927 hsc 18 sImÃw ‘[\z-´cn’  F¶ tIc-f-¯nse BZy imkv{X amknI {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv tIm«-bv¡-en \n¶m-bn-cp-¶p. tIc-f-¯nse BZys¯ km¼-¯nI imkv{X amknI ‘e£van  hnemkw’ Bcw-`n-¨Xv 1906 embn-cp-¶p. 1926 hsc, 20 sImÃw B amknI {]kn-²o-I-cnN-¨. Irjnsb kw_-Ôn-¡p¶ ‘P·n’ F¶ amknI 1909  Bcw-`n-¨Xpw tIm«-bv¡-en \n¶m-Wv. \½psS hyhkmbØnXn hntZim[n]Xy hyhkmbs¯ F§s\ XSbpì Fìw C´ybpsS {]bXv\w F´msWìw æSnsbmgn¸n¡ensâ {]iv\§Ä Fs´ÃmamsWìw ]n.hn s{IyjvWhmcnbÀ P·nbn FgpXpIbp­mbn.

‘B almßmhêfWw

\aps¡ìw kpawKfw...’F¶mé KmÔnPnsbçdn¨v At±lw FgpXnbXv.]´fw tIc-f-hÀ½ \S-¯n-bn-cp¶ Ih-\-Iu-apZn IhnXm amkn-I-bpsS {]kn-²o-I-csWw Gsä-Sp¯v 1909 apX 1929 IqSn 20 sImÃw B amknI apS¡w IqSmsX \S-¯p-hm³ Ign-ªp. CXn\v t\XrXzw \ÂIn-bXv Ihn Ipe-Kpcp ]n.hn IrjvW-hm-cn-b-cm-bn-cp-¶p.

‘X]samê]Sn sNbvXp X´\mbn

X\XpSP¯n hkn¨nê¶ ip{I³….’ F¶ DÅqcnsâ IhnX ‘X]a\h[n sNbvX Xm´\mbn’ adnbXv At±l¯nsâ Xnê¯enë hnt[bambt¸mfmé. 1929  tIcf kmlnXy ]cnj¯v kt½-f\w tIm«-bv¡Â h¨v \S-¡p-I-bp-­m-bn.

Cw¥ojv hnZym`ymk¯në hyàamb {]m[m\yw \ÂInb kzmXnXnê\mfnsâ ]qÀhnI\mbnê¶ ImÀ¯nI Xnê¶mfnsâ kwc£W¯nte¡v A`bmÀ°nbmbn F¯nb kmaqXncn hwi¯nse {]ikvX hnZpjnbpsS hymIcW {KÙamb {]uVat\mca sIm­v {]kn±bmb at\mcaX¼pcm«n ChnSps¯ hfÀ¯p]p{Xnbmé. sImSp§ÃqÀ æªn櫳 X¼pcm³, kztZim`nam\n cmaIyvjvW¸nÅ, am\hn{Ia G«³ cmP, IhnæeKpê ]n.hn. IyvjvWhmcnbÀ, sshZycXv\w ]n Fkv hmcnbÀ, hÅt¯mÄ \mcmbW tat\m³, B[p\nI IhnXbpsS ip{I\£{Xw hn.kn. _me{IyvjvW ]Wn¡À XpS§nb Hê \o­ \ncXs¶bp­v. A¼mSn C¡mh½, Fgp¯Ñ³ If¯n A½ptImhne½, Sn.Fw. \mcmbWn tImhne½, {iotZhn hmckymÀ XpS§nb Ihbn{XnIfpw D­mbnêì. aebmf`mjbnse almkw`h§fnsem¶mb alm`mcX XÀÖa tIm«íen sh¨mé \S¶Xv. Ingt¡tImhneI¯p\nì hnhmlw sNbvX sImSp§ÃpÀ æªn竳 X¼pcm³ "X\n¨v aqhm­nSsIm­v km£m {io `mcXw XÀÖa sNbvX `mcXapdn tIcf¯nse {]ikvXcmb kmlnXy æXpInIfpsS NÀ¨m tI{µambnêì. tIcf¯nse bphIhnIfpsS Ifcnbmbnê¶, Cê]s¯mìhÀjw hogv¨IqSmsX {]Xnamkw ]kn±oIcn¨pt]m¶ ‘Ih\IuapZn’ F¶ IhnXmamknI aebmfIcív kw`mh\ sNbvX IhnIfpsS t]êIÄ AkwJyamé.

Ihnæe Kpêhnsâ ]{Xm[n]Xy¯n {]kn±oIcn¨ ‘e£vaohnemkw’ km¼¯nI hnjb¯n {]kn±oIcnç¶ tIcf¯nse BZykwcw`mambnêì.sshZycXv\w ]n Fkv, hmcnbÀ ]{Xm[n]êw IhnæeKpê {]kmZIëambn Cê]¯naqìhÀjw \S¯nt]m¶ ‘[\z´cn’bn B[p\nI imkv{X¯nepw BbpÀthZ¯nepw hnZKvZcmbhÀ teJ\§Ä FgpXnbnêì.

HmÀvçì Rm\uj[aqehmSn

tIm«íse ImhykpKÔhmSn

..........

Imän ]cçì shfp¯p\o­p

XSns¨mc¨µ\ hy£KÔw...

 

hÅt¯mÄ kvacnç¶Xn§s\bmé...

 

1929  kakvX tIcf kmlnXy]cnj¯nsâ {]JymXamb tIm«í kt½f\w 1940  ]d¸qcn sh¨p \S¶ tIm¬{KÊnsâ ]Xns\m¶mw cm{ãob kt½f\w XpS§nbh kmaqlnI kmwkvImcnI cmãob \ne]mSpIfn tIm«¡ensâ thdn« kÐamé.Ncn{X kmwkvImcnI kmlnXy ]T\§fpsS shfn¨¯n t\m¡nbm B[p\nI tIcf¯nsâbpw Gd\mSnsâbpw _oPmhm]w apX¡v AXnsâ t]mjW¯në kw`mh\ \ÂIm³ Ignª XeapdIfpsS ]mc¼cyw AhImis¸Smhp¶ {]tZiamWnhnSw. t£{X kwkvImc¯n \n¶v Bcw`n¨v {ItaW skçeÀ ZÀi\¯nte¡v hmfÀ¶Xnsâ Ncn{XamWnhnsS \ndthmsS tIm«í ASbmfs¸Sp¯p¶Xv..